History of Education in China(2)中国教育的历史（2）

The common people should follow the traditions and rules which made by gentlemen. In ancient Chinese culture, there was no need for the common people to know why. For common people, studying Confucianism and be a gentleman had been the most efficient way for them advancing into upper class. During Han dynasty, the first civil service exam was set up. Confucianism, with no surprise, was one of the key subjects to study for the civil service exam. Provincial schools were established countrywide and the Confucianism tradition of education was spread all over China. “To enrich your family, there is no need to buy good land: Books hold a thousand measures of grain. For an easy life, there is no need to build mansion（大厦dàshà）: In books are found houses of gold. When you go out, do not be upset if no one follows you: In books there will be a crowd of horses and carriages. If you wish to marry, don’t be upset if you don’t have a go-between: In books there are girls with faces like jade. A young man who wishes to be somebody will devote his time to the Classics. He will face the window and read.” There were people who spend their entire lifetime studying on Confucianism in order to get respected, not only for themselves, but also for the pride of their family lines.
普通人需要遵从君子们制定的传统与规则。在中国古代，普通人没有必要知道这是为什么。对于普通人而言，学习儒家思想是向上层前进的最有效方式。在汉代，第一场公职人员考试出现了。儒家思想毫无疑问地成为公务员考试的关键课程。省级学习在全国范围内得到了确立，儒家教育传统被传播到全国各地。“富家不用买良田，书中自有千钟粟。安居不用架高楼，书中自有黄金屋。出门莫恨无人随，书中车马多如簇。娶妻莫恨无良媒，书中自有颜如玉。男儿欲遂平生志，五经勤向窗前读。”有些人倾尽毕生的时间学习儒家思想，为的就是获得尊重，这不仅仅是为他们自己，也是为了光耀门楣。
The civil service exam system from Han dynasty had been used until the Qing dynasty. Changes had been made throughout thousands years of history, more western influence were bought into the Chinese education system during the Qing dynasty. With the humiliating defeat（失败shībài） under the hands of British army in the Opium War (1840-1842), scholars and government（政府zhèngfǔ） officials suggested a major restructure of education system, developing new areas such as foreign language, science and technology. In 1911, the Qing Dynasty itself was overthrown by revolution, and a republican form of government was established. At that time, government completely abandoned the traditional way of education. New educational models from European, American and Japanese were set up in China.
这种公公职人员考试从汉代一直沿用到清代。在数千年的历史间，这种考试经历了多次变化。在清代，更多的西方影响被带入中国教育体制中。由于中国在鸦片战争（1840——1842）中耻辱地败在英国军队手下，一些学者和政府官员建议对教育制度进行一次主要调整，发展诸如外语、科技等新兴学科领域。1911年，清王朝在革命浪潮中被推翻，共和体制的政府建立起来。在那时，政府彻底废除了传统教育。来自欧洲、美国、日本的新型教育模式在中国得以建立。