Chinese Nation - Jingpo nationality

The origin of the Jingpo nationality is related to the Daqing people in the Tibetan Plateau in ancient times. There are five branches: Jingpo, Zaiwa, Lechi, Lange and Bola. They mainly live in the mountainous area of Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and a few live in the border area between Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture and Kachin state in Myanmar. Most of the Kachin branches in Myanmar also have deep roots with Jingpo and Lisu in China.

There are two types of beliefs in Jingpo society, one is the traditional supernatural belief, the other is the foreign Christian and Catholic beliefs.

Rice is the main staple food of the Jingpo people. Bamboo tube rice and chicken porridge are the favorite staple food of Jingpo people.

The dishes are famous for their spicy flavor. In addition to melons, beans, taros, and green cabbages planted in the garden, wild vegetables and fruits collected from the mountains and forests are also homemade dishes on the table.

Cooking methods include Chung, Shao, roast, boil, steam, mix, knead, and other types. Among them, Chung dish is one of the most distinctive dishes of Jingpo nationality. It tastes delicious and unique. Jingpo people often say that “Chung can’t make a sound, and eating is not fragrant”.

The clothing style of Jingpo nationality is unique. The main colors of men’s clothing are black and white, while the branches of old men’s clothing are the same, all of them are wearing a black cardigan, black wide tube trousers, and black Baotou. There are subtle differences between the Jingpo branch and other branches in the middle-aged and young men’s clothing. They wear a white vertical collar shirt, a black round neck coat, black trousers, and a red and blue checkered cotton gauze cylinder headband. The young and middle-aged men of the other branches were all wearing white shirts, black trousers, and white Baotou decorated with colorful pommel tassels. No matter which branch of men travel, they always carry a satchel (i.e. backpack) and a long knife.

Women’s dress is divided into the casual dress and formal dress. If you wear casual clothes, the upper body is black or all kinds of color, and the lower body is a pure color or cotton long tube skirt woven with Jingpo characteristics. Dress is a kind of dress for festivals or weddings. The top is a short black collarless narrow sleeve shirt, with silver bubbles, silver medals, and silver spikes on the chest, shoulders, and back. The bottom is a wool skirt with beautiful patterns made of red, black, yellow, and green wool. The waist is tied with a red belt. The headdress is a red bottom jacquard headdress made of wool. The legs are wrapped with Leggings of the same color as the skirt. Several strings of red beads and ears are worn Jewelry, bracelets. In recent years, with the development of the economy, Jingpo women’s clothing is constantly renovated based on maintaining its original characteristics. In the festival celebration, we can see all kinds of new Jingpo women’s costumes. Among them, the most distinctive is the women’s dress of the Lange branch and Lechi branch. The women’s dress of Lange branch is a black tight sleeve short dress without collar and swing decorated with silver bubbles. There is red and yellow lace with a width of 78 cm on the arms, cuffs, and corners of the sleeves. The bottom is a skirt with a dark blue stripe or block pattern. It is a long blue belt and a high head decorated with various wool balls. The women of the Lechi branch dress well. The top is a black tight sleeve short dress without collar and swing. The arms, cuffs, and corners of the sleeves are pasted with lace about 10 cm wide, mainly red, with yellow strips between them. The chest is decorated with two to three rows of small silver bubbles with spikes. The bottom is a yellow design skirt with a black background. Outside the skirt is a straight apron decorated with red and green at the front and back, a long blue belt, and a colorful headdress Blue-black round head of wool ball.

Jingpo people in Lushui County of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, because they live together with Lisu People, their clothes absorb some characteristics of Lisu People’s clothes, which are quite different from Dehong area. Women’s clothing is not decorated with silver but is mainly decorated with collage patterns of color cloth, the head is wrapped with green cloth, the remaining ears are decorated, and the skirt is a brocade skirt. Men’s clothing, the coat is white cotton and linen homespun collarless cardigan, the front is divided into two pieces, which can be lifted and cross wrapped around the waist, the backswing is long and calf, the coat is a blue sleeveless jacket, the lower body is wearing pants, the head is wrapped with blue Baotou, and the color spike knot is on the right side as decoration.

The Jingpo people are hospitable. When the guests come into the house, whether they know each other or not, the host will provide accommodation.

Jingpo people like to drink Shaojiu and homemade Shuijiu. Jingpo people pay great attention to etiquette when drinking. When the host hands the wine container, the guests should hold the bottom of the wine container with both hands instead of holding the top of the wine container with only one hand. When drinking, you can’t drink with the bottle, you can only drink with the bottle cover. When you go out, you often carry a small bamboo wine bottle on your back. When acquaintances meet and toast each other, they don’t take it over and drink it but pour it back into each other’s wine bottle first. When we drink a glass of wine together, each person will wipe the place he has drunk with his hand after a sip, and then transfer it to others. If there is an old man present, let the old man drink first.

The old people of Jingpo nationality like chewing tobacco. They chew grass tobacco and a proper amount of ripe stone plaster and dried reed seeds in their mouth, which has the effect of refreshing, refreshing, preventing dental caries, and strengthening teeth. When they meet, they will pass cigarette boxes to each other to show friendship, respect, and politeness.

The national traditional festivals mainly include Mu Nao Zongge Festival, Fengxian Festival, and Xinmi Festival, among which the grandest and grand festival is mu Nao Zongge.

Mu Nao Zong song is a traditional ritual activity of Jingpo people to worship the God “Mu Dai”. “Mudai” is the biggest God in Jingpo people’s supernatural belief, which represents wealth and happiness. It can give blessing to people. It is only the mountain officials who have the power of sacrifice. The more times and the larger the scale, the higher the prestige of mountain officials among the people. In the past, Mu Nao was mainly held for sacrifice, harvest celebration, war, or the victory of Rashi. When the Mu Nao ceremony was held, the villages under the control of the mountain officials had to raise pigs, cattle, and other sacrifices for sacrifice. The sacrifice and cost were very huge. Therefore, the Mu Nao ceremony for “Mu Dai” was not common. A mountain official area is usually held only once a few years or decades. In the form of large-scale songs and dances, people prayed for the God of grain, animals, and other people. As a result, when the officials held the meeting, the common people took an active part in it.

In April 1983, Mu Nao Zongge was recognized as a traditional festival of Jingpo people by Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture. It is generally organized by the people’s governments of counties and townships and held in the first month of each year. During the festival, thousands of Jingpo men and women, dressed in costumes, gathered happily from the mountains and forests to the square where the eye and brain singing festival was held. People of all branches of Jingpo nationality regard Mu Nao Zongge as the most sacred and solemn festival and regard it as great happiness and pleasure to participate in Mu Nao Zongge. During the festival, in addition to the traditional Mu Nao dance, the organizers will also hold various kinds of artistic performances, organize commodity exhibitions, publicize popular science knowledge and hold various types of investment promotion meetings.